6^th Global Summit on Aquaculture & Fisheries May 25-26, 2017 Osaka, Japan

Dr. Marcin Rakowski is working as a Senior Scientist at National Institute of Marine. He has completed his specialization in maritime fishery and business related to impact of fishery on local economy at the National Marine Fisheries Research Institute. He is extending his valuable service as in fishery research allowing assessed multiplier effects of expenditure and revenue of fishermen in coastal region. His research interests reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

Globalized seafood market changes the European traditional aquaculture production. One of the most exposed aquaculture sector in Central Europe is extensive regional fish farming especially of such species as carp, perch or pike. The extensive fish production has also lower competitiveness in relation to other imported or farmed fish products in Europe. It has also more technological problems with processing, fish bones, meat efficiency factor and discard factor. On the other side this sector produces still in sustainably and traditionally way. That tradition of carp consumption (especially during Christmas time) is one of the strongest attribute keeping this farming in Poland still in good economic condition. Neither, the grooving supply coming from global seafood markets degraded the position of domestic producers and changes the value chains. According to growing demand for cost-attractive and convinced product, carp farms are looking for effective strategies better adopting them to current market challenges. The survey of this problem has been undertaken in the EU project by acronym SUCCESS (“Strategic Use of Competitiveness towards Consolidating the Economic Sustainability of the European Seafood sector”). The project aims at establishing the synthetic competitiveness factors describing the fish and seafood species farmed and exploited in Europe. One of the searched sectors was traditional farming represented by carp. The method used in carp case studies was Agri Benchmark approach which focuses on typical farm surveys and typical behavior. The survey has been conducted at three farms in Poland representing typical farm sizes: 300, 150 and 20 hectares of water surface. The farm owners/managers were asked details about typical functional mechanisms used in operational, marketing, human resources and financial decisions. Identification of the mechanisms let the authors structure typical long term strategies in carp business and its economic efficiency. The most important variables affecting the strategies were: Farm size, position in value chain, productivity, distribution channels.

Chien-Hui Wu has his expertise in evaluation and development in function food material. Recently, his research were focusing on 2 ways, one is evaluating the metal-binding activity of collagen peptides from fish scale by enzyme digestion. On the other hand, the development of fermented food with gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria isolated from aquatic animals. Now, he is teaching at the Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University in Taiwan.

Thousands of tilapia fish scales are wasted without valuable utilization. Tilapia scale is rich in collagen that is hydrolyzed by enzyme digestion. The hydrolysate collagen peptides has antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-anemia, immune regulation, anti-bacterial, hormonal regulation, inhibition of angiotensin transferase activity, prevention of arthritis, osteoporosis and other bioactive functions. Studies indicated that fish scale collagen protein hydrolysates has a well-binding capacity for calcium, iron, and copper, enhancing the biological activity of the fish scale collagen protein. The chromium content in human body significantly reduces as age increases. There have been studies indicated that trivalent chromium can regulate insulin function and maintain homeostasis of blood glucose, and improve the glucose tolerances of type II diabetes patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to exploit the metal chelating ability of collagen hydrolysates by mixing low molecule weight fraction of collagen hydrolysates from tilapia scale with trivalent chromium (referred as C-Cr). The data showed that low molecule weight fraction of tilapia scale collagen hydrolysates can bind with 123 ppm trivalent chromium ions, forming collagen-organic chromium complex at pH 3 and 60°C maintained for 1 hr. Then addition of 50%, 100% and 200% of 750 mM chromium chloride to the collagen peptide hydrolysates was done respectively. The optimized condition was when 100% 750 mM chromium chloride was added to collagen peptide hydrolysates which can bind to 175 ppm chromium ions. In the feature, we hope to develop a functional food material with hypoglycemic activity by C-Cr components.

Chin-Chang Hung is currently a Professor of the Department of Oceanography at National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan. He completed his PhD at Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA. His research interests are to better understand mechanisms affecting marine carbon biogeochemical cycling in the ocean and to study extreme atmospheric events, dust storms, typhoons and extreme cold event, affecting nutrient dynamics, plankton community composition, biological pump and particulate organic carbon export flux in the ocean. Currently, he also works on application of aquaculture technology to monitor marine plankton, shrimp behavior and aquatic environment management.

The turbid, low-light waters characteristic of aquaculture ponds have made it difficult or impossible for previous video cameras to provide clear imagery of the ponds’ benthic habitat. We developed a highly sensitive, underwater video system (UVS) for this particular application and tested it in shrimp ponds having turbidities typical of those in southern Taiwan. The system’s high-quality video stream and images, together with its camera capacity (up to nine cameras), permit in situ observations of shrimp feeding behavior, shrimp size and internal anatomy, and organic matter residues on pond sediments. The UVS can operate continuously and be focused remotely, a convenience to shrimp farmers. The observations possible with the UVS provide aquaculturists with information critical to provision of feed with minimal waste; determining whether the accumulation of organic-matter residues dictates exchange of pond water; and management decisions concerning shrimp health.

Hei-Nin Kwong works on giant clams especially the growth comparison between field and cultural environments. He had the first attempts to apply alizarin red staining method on giant clam shells which is commonly used in coral studies.

Tridacna maxima are a widely distributed giant clam species in the world. Recently, several studies have shown that a cryptic species, i.e. Tridacna noae is similar to T. maxima based on morphological and molecular sequence evidences. The aim of this study was to compare the reproduction and growth of the two giant clams. Based on field monitoring on eggs, the spawning peak of T. maxima was from May to August in Kenting, and March to June in Dongsha. In T. noae, it was through May to July in Kenting, and April to June in Dongsha. Artificial fertilization was successfully conducted in T. maxima and T. noae. By comparison, the growth of juvenile T. maxima was faster than that of T. noae under cultural conditions. And, the growth of both species was faster at higher temperature (27-29°C) than the lower ones (24℃). Based on the cultural records, the growth ring on shell and hinge plate of the giant clams from cultural and wild populations were also compared and contrasted.

Jean R Calapuan completed her Bachelor’s degree in Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology in Marine Biology majoring in Phycology. She worked as a Research Assistant at Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) R9, Philippines. She also became Research Assistant in different projects while studying in University of the Philippines, Visayas until she became a Graduate Scholar of Department of Science and Technology-Accelerated Science and Technology, Human Resources Department Program (DOST-ASTHRDP). She finished her Master of Science in Fisheries majoring in Fisheries Biology in last June 11, 2014 at the University of the Philippines - Visayas. She is currently working as a Junior Project Coordinator in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Department in Japanese Company. She is also a part-time Dive Instructor and Research Consultant. She took opportunity to travel in different places while successfully attending and presenting research papers. Currently, she’s doing mangrove rehabilitation projects in partnership with local government units in Central Visayas.

Statement of the Problem: Mangrove rehabilitation projects in the Philippines serve as coastal protection and restore ecological functions. Thus mangrove planting activities of mono- genus stands in the tropical cyclone prone area are increasing, however, this may not warranty as formerly diverse mangrove forests. Considering the vast ecological services the mangrove forest that has to offer, few studies were conducted on the effectivity of mangrove rehabilitated sites using indicator species. The abundance of commercially important blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus was used as an indicator of ecological function of mangrove rehabilitated site. To represent the non-commercially important species, the relative abundance of Thallamita crenata was used as in the present study. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: This study was conducted along the coastal areas of Olango Island and Banacon Island, part of central Visayas. Total of four sites (two sites in each island) were selected to represent the rehabilitated sites in Olango Island and Banacon Island. These sites were predominantly mangrove replanted of Rhizophora spp. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used to estimate the abundance and relative abundance gathered from the traditional crab pot used by the locals to catch crabs. The soft substrata in the mangroves serve as ideal habitat and spaces between its roots supports as shelter and food for crabs, prawns and fishes. Findings: The mangrove rehabilitated site in Banacon Island showed a higher abundance of P. pelagicus as compared to Olango Island. The relative abundance of this commercially important species revealed to be equal in both Olango and Banacon. Low densities of P. pelagicus were also showed in both mangrove rehabilitated sites due to limited recruitment and higher abundance of non-commercially important species. Conclusion & Significance: The present study suggests mono-genus planting is still an effective method of restoring commercially important species such as the blue swimming crab P. pelagicus. This will provide baseline information to policy makers for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management.

D Syahidah is a PhD student at JCU Australia (2013-2017). She completed her BSc in Fisheries Science from Brawijaya University in 1997 and MAppSc from JCU Australia in 2010. Her current research focuses on investigating nuclear location signals (NLSs) of Penaeus merguiensis hepandensovirus. During her PhD study, she has received JCU Student Sustainability award in 2014, completed 3 modules of JCU professional (2013-2014), participated in the On-awards Enrichment program in 2015, and received the Hadi Soesastro Prize in 2016.

Statement of the Problem: Parvoviral diseases are emerging as a constant threat to penaeid culture due to their ability to cause slow growth and mass mortality of infected prawns. Penaeus merguiensis hepandensovirus (PmeHDV) (GenBank Accession No. DQ458781) is a shrimp hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), an Australian strain of the species Decapod hepandensovirus 1, in the genus Hepandensovirus, subfamily Densovirinae. Densovirinae are intranuclear and require S-cells in their S-phase for all or most of all their replication and assembly. Transportation into and out from nucleus is allowed by the binding of nuclear location signals (NLSs) to Importins (Imp). A bioinformatical study on PmeHDV supported that the virus has putative NLSs that need to be tested. The present study aims to determine if of the three putative NLSs of PmeHDV are functioning by transfecting NLS-inserted-plasmid DNAs into mammalian cell culture (Vero) using a transfection reagent. Methodology & Theoretical Orientations: Each plasmid has been synthetically constructed and inserted with each sequence of the putative NLSs and a fluorescent protein. The presence of the NLS in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm was screened under a fluorescent microscope. Findings: All transfected cells in our study demonstrate no noticeable differences within transfected-Vero cell cultures with desired NLSs genes. The overlay of visualization of transfected plasmids with sequential fluorochrome sets is presented in Figure 1. It appears that NLSs are not functioning well as that the proteins are blocked at the nuclear membrane and not going across. Conclusion & Significance: Our fluorescent study was not sensitive enough to detect differences in NLS-transfected-cells under different filters. The method used was ineffective in identifying the location of NLSs. In the future, the study of virus-host interaction using cell cultures as models remains a major challenge.

Wen Jung Lu is a PhD student of National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan. Her topic is about the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms, and also doing the bioactive compounds in algae. She has obtained the scholarship from National Science Council, Taiwan; the topic is ‘Bioactivity of beta-1, 3-xylan extracted from seaweed by using beta-1, 3-xylanase express from E. coli. Moreover, she is working on the phycobiliproteins and also obtained the scholarship from the Haiden Foundation, Taiwan. She is a competent researcher and she can work well with teams.

Most studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of Laminaria japonica have investigated bioactive ingredients that have been extracted from Laminaria using organic solvents. However, to avoid the toxicity and environmental issues caused by the solvent used for extraction, increasing attention has focused on fermentation using microorganisms as a green bioconversion process for producing bioactive compounds. In this study, fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, where the cultivation parameters and nutrient additives were optimized to achieve the greatest inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was found to enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of L. japonica. Fermentation by B. subtilis using a 5% (w/v) L. japonica suspension as the sole carbon source, 2% additional nitrogen source, a starting pH of 6, and incubation at 150 rpm at 37°C for 72 h yielded the best anti-inflammatory effects, as LPS-induced NO production decreased to 27.6% ± 5.2%. The macrophages treated with the fermented L. japonica product inhibited the LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, our results show that L. japonica products generated by an optimized fermentation process designed to enhance anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing ROS production, NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation, prostaglandin E2, and NO production in macrophages.

Yongbo Bao has expertise in three field of his research: (1) Immune mechanism of molluscs: Molluscan immune and disease-resistant gene function, immune mechanism, antibacterial peptides and antibacterial mechanism etc. (2) Mollucan genetics and molecular assistant breeding: Population genetic structure, genetic linkage map, SNP and GWAS and phenotype association analysis. (3) Gene and molecular phylogeny and evolution: Immunity and development related gene function study and molecular evolution analysis.

The hemoglobins produced by Tegillarca granosa have antibacterial activity toward some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the genes encoding the recombinant proteins Tg-HbIIA and Tg-HbIIB were cloned from T. granosa hemocytes by RT-PCR, and the proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3). The proteins were purified using a HisTrap FF affinity chromatography column under denaturing conditions and refolded at 4 °C by urea gradient dialysis, and the antibacterial activity of the recombinant proteins was determined. The Tg-HbIIA protein had antibacterial activity toward Vibrio harveyi and Pseudomonas putida, with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 6.58×10-2 mg/ml and 4.11×10-3 mg/ml, respectively. The Tg-HbIIB protein had antibacterial activity toward V. harveyi, P. putida and Acinetobacter baumanii, with MIC values of 1.58×10-1 mg/ml, 3.95×10-2 mg/ml and 7.90×10-2 mg/ml, respectively. They had no antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Bacillus firmus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, or V. parahaemolyticus. This study provides a basis for further research on the antibacterial function and mechanism of hemoglobin.

The present study deals with length-weight relationship of Atropusatroposfor which no information is available on this aspect from Mangalore coast. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken. Fish samples were collected from fish landing center (Mangaluru) and fish market. The regression coefficient of male was found to be lower than female. From this observation it may be opined that female gained more weight with increase in length compared to male. Data on seasonal variation in condition factor (Kn) showed that Kn values were more or less similar in both the sexes, indicating almost identical metabolic activity. Gonadal development and high feeding intensity are the factors which influenced the condition factor. The seasonal fluctuations in the relative condition factor of both the sexes could be attributed to the sexual cycle, food intake and environmental factors. From the present study, it can be inferred that the variation in the condition of Atropusatroposwas due to feeding activity and gonadal maturity.

Dr Rajanna K.B. is an Assistant Professor at Fisheries Research and Information Centre (Inland), Hebbal, nataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University. He has 8 years of service in the field of fisheries and aquaculture. Besides research, he is also involved in imparting training to the scientific and farming communities.

The ‘fringed - lipped’ peninsula carp Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch) is a potential and an abundant fish species of rivers and reservoirs of peninsular India. It contributes a part of inland fish production and also plays a role in rural economy in major carp deficient regions of India. The fish is locally called as “Kemmeenu” in Karnataka. Month wise samples were collected from the Vanivilasa Sagar Reservoir fish landing centre and fishing villages around the reservoir. For this study, a total of 1,126 specimens were examined during March, 2013 – February, 2014. Studies on the reproductive biology showed the occurrence of ripe gonads more during October, November, December and January. Thus it may be concluded that spawning season coinciding with monsoon season and the size at maturity was found to be 36 and 37 cm total length (M and F). Fecundity ranged from 63,897 to 5,10,824 with an average of 2,43,304 eggs and the predominance of female was reported. The pooled sex ratio (M: F) was found to be 1:1.09. This study will throw light on reproductive biology of fish for captive brood stock development, breeding and rearing of Labeo fimbriatus. Since this fish is commercial important the study would help to take up hatchery production.

He is awarded PhD in Food Science and Human Nutrition from University of Florida in the 1993. He holds a Master Degree (MSc) in Plant Pathology from National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan in the 1981, followed by a Bachelor’s Degree (BSc) in Plant pathology from National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan 1978. He has extended his/her valuable service as a Professor in Poultry Science, Auburn University for 6 years and has been a recipient of many award and grants. His international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. His research interests as a Professor reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals.

The microbiological quality of the water is important since the waste water from tilapia production tank will be used for produce production. The USFDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requirement of monitoring microbiological quality of produce irrigation water, Escherichia coli and coliforms were analyzed. The water effluents from tilapia fish tank and greenhouse were monitored twice a month. Since these vegetables, cucumbers and tomatoes, are used in ready-to-eat foods, there is a zero tolerance of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore these two bacterial contents were examined. Membrane filtration and 3M Petrifilm® were used to isolate E. coli and coliform in water samples. E. coli and coliform were also isolated from soil in green house for growing produce using 3M Petrifilm and pour-plate methods. Enrichment protocol was used for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes detection for the cucumber and tomatoes. The population of E. coli from the effluent of tilapia tank in November, 2016 was higher, then it decreased and the average population is 68 CFU/mL. The population of coliform has the same trend as in E. coli and the average population is 1.2 x 103 CFU/mL. While the populations of E. coli and coliform from the effluent of greenhouse had the same trend and the population of E. coli and coliform were 17 CFU/mL and 3.0 x 102 CFU/mL, respectively. The populations of E. coli and coliform in the soil were 91 CFU/mL and 1.70 x 103 CFU/mL, respectively. For Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella detection, one positive of Listeria monocytogenes in presumptive test in cucumber has been found. The acquired data can provide information as to whether further disinfection is needed before water is discharged into the environment.